巴西超过100万新型冠状病毒肺炎，可能超过美国，成为世界上受疫情打击最严重的国家
(CNN)Brazil has now reported more than 1 million confirmed cases of coronavirus and 48,954 deaths, marking a grim milestone for the South American country.
巴西现在已经报道了超过100万例冠状病毒确诊病例和48954例死亡病例，这对这个南美国家来说是一个严峻的里程碑。
The health ministry on Friday reported 54,771 new cases, a record daily spike that brought the nationwide total to 1,032,913.
卫生部上周五报告了54771例新病例，创下了每日新增病例记录，使全国总数达到1032913例。
The Covid-19 pandemic is quickly spreading with no sign of slowing down, as major cities lift social distancing measures and begin reopening restaurants, shops and other nonessential businesses.
随着主要城市提高社会疏远措施，开始重新开放餐馆、商店和其他不重要的企业，新型冠状病毒肺炎流行病正在迅速蔓延，而且没有减缓的迹象。
Many experts believe the number of cases could surpass the United States and that Brazil may soon become the country worst hit by the virus.
许多专家认为，病例数量可能超过美国，巴西可能很快成为受病毒打击最严重的国家。
Despite this, President Jair Bolsonaro continues to downplay the threat by questioning global medical authorities and accusing opponents of trying to discredit his leadership.
尽管如此，总统 Jair Bolsonaro 继续淡化这一威胁，质疑全球医疗当局，指责反对者试图诋毁他的领导能力。
Bolsonaro's false sense of immunity
博尔索纳罗虚假的免疫力
At first, Brazil seemed impervious to the virus as it spread through countries such as China, Italy and the United States. Bolsonaro only grudgingly agreed to repatriate Brazilian citizens from the then-epicenter, Hubei province, reportedly worrying that they would put the rest of the country at risk.
起初，巴西似乎对这种病毒无动于衷，因为它在中国、意大利和美国等国家传播。 博尔索纳罗只是勉强同意从当时的震中湖北省遣返巴西公民，据报道，他们担心这会让国家其他地区处于危险之中。
The first case was confirmed on February 26, when it was believed to be an isolated case of a man who flew back from Italy to Sao Paulo with the virus. A month later, coronavirus cases in Brazil had already risen to close to 3,000 and the death toll was at 77.
第一个病例于2月26日得到确认，当时据信是一名携带病毒从意大利飞回圣保罗的男子的孤立病例。 一个月后，巴西的冠状病毒病例已经上升到接近3000例，死亡人数达到77人。
Brazilian care home creates 'hug tunnel' so loved ones can embrace elderly relatives
巴西护理之家建造了一条拥抱隧道，让爱人可以拥抱年迈的亲人
It was around this time when Bolsonaro first compared the virus to a "little flu" and falsely implied that Brazilians were immune to the virus.
大约就在这个时候，博尔索纳罗第一次将这种病毒比作“小型流感” ，并错误地暗示巴西人对这种病毒具有免疫力。
"Brazilians don't catch anything ... they already have the antibodies to keep it from spreading," the President said.
总统说: “巴西人什么也感染不了... ... 他们已经有了防止病毒传播的抗体。”。
He said again that Brazilians are likely to be immune to the coronavirus during a March 26 press conference outside the Alvorada presidential residence in Brasilia.
他在3月26日于阿尔沃拉达总统官邸外举行的新闻发布会上再次表示，巴西人可能对这种冠状病毒具有免疫力。
"Brazilians should be studied, we don't catch anything. You see people jumping in sewage, diving in it and nothing happens to them," Bolsonaro said.
“我们应该研究巴西人，我们什么也捕不到。 你看到人们在污水里跳来跳去，一头扎进去，什么事也没发生，”博尔索纳罗说。
During the same press conference, Bolsonaro said he believed many Brazilians had already been infected but that those people already had "the antibodies that would help [coronavirus] not spread."
在同一场新闻发布会上，博尔索纳罗表示，他相信许多巴西人已经感染了病毒，但这些人已经具有“有助于(冠状病毒)不传播的抗体”
Bolsonaro vs. Social Distancing
博尔索纳罗 vs. 社会距离
Cases began to quickly spread across the country and it became clear that Brazil would soon become a new hot spot for the virus.
病例开始在全国迅速蔓延，很明显，巴西将很快成为该病毒的一个新热点。
By April 8, Brazil had confirmed more than 15,000 cases and 800 deaths. Despite warnings from health experts, images of Bolsonaro hugging supporters at a local bakery in Brasilia and posing without a mask emerged the following day.
截至4月8日，巴西已确认1.5万多病例，800人死亡。 尽管有健康专家的警告，第二天还是出现了博尔索纳罗在巴西利亚当地一家面包店拥抱支持者、不戴面具拍照的照片。
Bolsonaro believed the social distancing and quarantine measures imposed by officials in major cities, such as Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo, would cause more harm than the virus itself and lead Brazil to a crippling recession.
博尔索纳罗认为，里约热内卢和圣保罗等主要城市的官员实施的社会隔离和隔离措施，造成的危害将超过病毒本身，并导致巴西陷入严重衰退。
"The issue of unemployment, the issue of the economy no longer working. We can't let the side-effect of the fight against the virus be more harmful than the disease itself," Bolsonaro said.
“失业问题，经济问题不再有效。 我们不能让对抗病毒的副作用比疾病本身更有害。
Bolsonaro frequently butted heads with mayors and governors of some of the hardest hit places by Covid-19 and ultimately fired Health Minister Luiz Henrique Mandetta on April 16 after he expressed his support for shutting down businesses and schools.
在4月16日，他表示支持关闭企业和学校，并最终解雇了卫生部长 Luiz Henrique Mandetta，Bolsonaro 经常与一些受新型冠状病毒肺炎打击最严重地区的市长和州长发生冲突。
The following weekend, Bolsonaro attended an anti-lockdown rally in Brasilia without a mask where he coughed several times and shook hands with supporters. Opposition leaders considered the protests "anti-democratic," after signs were seen calling for dissolving the Congress and Supreme Court and for the return of the dictatorship.
第二个周末，博尔索纳罗在巴西利亚参加了一个反封锁集会，没有戴面具，他多次咳嗽，并与支持者握手。 反对派领导人认为这些抗议是“反民主的” ，因为有迹象表明，他们要求解散国会和最高法院，并要求恢复独裁统治。
Military in the Health Ministry
卫生部的军队
Health Minister Mandetta's successor, Nelson Teich, lasted less than a month in office before resigning. One of his major disagreements with Bolsonaro was over authorizing the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to treat Covid-19 patients.
卫生部长曼德塔的继任者泰希(nelsonteich)上任不到一个月就辞职了。 他与 Bolsonaro 的主要分歧之一是授权使用氯喹和羟氯喹来治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎。
Eduardo Pazuello, an army general with no health experience, was named as the interim Health Minister following Teich's resignation. A few days after he assumed the role, he began replacing key positions within the ministry with other military brass. At least nine people were named within the first few weeks that he took office, to positions within the ministry dealing with planning, budget and public health issues.
没有卫生经验的陆军将军 Eduardo Pazuello 在 Teich 辞职后被任命为临时卫生部长。 在他担任这一职务的几天后，他开始用其他军队高级将领取代内阁中的重要职位。 在他上任的最初几个星期内，至少有九个人被任命到卫生部负责规划、预算和公共卫生问题的职位上。
A woman walks amid symbolic graves on Rio de Janeiro's Copacabana beach. They were dug by activists protesting the government's handling of the Covid-19 pandemic.
里约热内卢的科帕卡瓦纳海滩上，一名妇女走在有象征意义的坟墓中。 他们被抗议政府处理新型冠状病毒肺炎流行病的积极分子挖出。
A woman walks amid symbolic graves on Rio de Janeiro's Copacabana beach. They were dug by activists protesting the government's handling of the Covid-19 pandemic.
在里约热内卢的科帕卡瓦纳海滩上，一名妇女走在具有象征意义的坟墓中。 它们被抗议政府处理新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的积极分子挖出。
Pazuello also issued new guidance authorizing the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, for all patients displaying Covid-19 symptoms.
还发布了新的指导意见，授权使用氯喹和羟氯喹，用于所有表现出新型冠状病毒肺炎症状的患者。
"After two Health Ministers refused to do so and chose to resign instead of signing the document, it was up to General Eduardo Pazuello, who has assumed the ministry on an interim basis, to authorize the use of chloroquine for all Covid-19 patients," Pazuello wrote on his personal Twitter account last month.
上个月，Pazuello 在他的个人推特账户上写道: “在两位卫生部长拒绝这么做并选择辞职而不是签署这份文件之后，授权所有新型冠状病毒肺炎患者使用氯喹的决定就落到了 Eduardo Pazuello 将军的肩上。
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) revoked permissions this week for the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to treat Covid-19 patients. That same day, Brazil's Health Ministry expanded its guidance on the use of the drugs to include pregnant women and children.
美国食品和药物管理局本周撤销了使用氯喹和羟氯喹治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的许可。 同一天，巴西卫生部扩大了药物使用指南，将孕妇和儿童包括在内。
The Health Ministry said the studies referenced by the FDA cannot be used as an example for the rest of the world because the "quality of the methodology is terrible" and claimed cases of Covid-19 were going down in areas where the drugs were being used, without presenting any proof.
卫生部表示，FDA 参考的研究不能作为世界其他地区的例子，因为“方法的质量是可怕的” ，并声称新型冠状病毒肺炎在使用这些药物的地区下降，没有提供任何证据。
The recommendation to use the drugs to treat children came despite guidance from the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics, saying there isn't enough data to prove the drugs' effectiveness in minors and that it should only be prescribed during clinical trials and with parental consent.
尽管巴西儿科学会提供了指导，但还是建议使用这些药物治疗儿童，称没有足够的数据证明这些药物对未成年人的有效性，并且只能在临床试验和父母同意的情况下使用。
The World Health Organization (WHO) said on Monday that it is still reviewing the use of hydroxychloroquine in its Solidarity Trial, a multi-country clinical study of Covid-19 treatment options. The organization had temporarily paused the trial in May due to concerns surrounding the drug's safety and in order to review its own data but resumed the program earlier this month.
世界卫生组织(WHO)周一表示，该组织仍在其团结试验(Solidarity Trial)中评估羟氯喹的使用情况。团结试验是一项针对新型冠状病毒肺炎治疗方案的多国临床研究。 由于对药物安全性的担忧，以及为了审查自己的数据，该组织在5月份暂停了试验，但在本月早些时候恢复了该项目。
Bolsonaro threatens to withdraw from WHO
博尔索纳罗威胁退出世卫组织
Earlier this month, WHO called on nations to encourage the public to wear fabric masks in public.
本月早些时候，世界卫生组织呼吁各国鼓励公众在公共场合佩戴织物口罩。
"WHO advises that governments should encourage the general public to wear masks where there is widespread transmission and physical distancing is difficult, such as on public transport, in shops or in other confined or crowded environments," WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said during a media briefing on June 5.
世卫组织总干事泰德罗斯 · 阿达诺姆 · 盖布雷耶苏斯在6月5日的新闻发布会上说: “世卫组织建议，政府应该鼓励广大公众在传播广泛、身体距离难以疏远的地方戴口罩，例如在公共交通、商店或其他封闭或拥挤的环境中。”。
WHO's updated guidance recommends masks be used as part of a "comprehensive package" to help curb the spread of Covid-19, which includes physical distancing, frequent hand washing, people who are sick self-isolating at home, suspected cases getting tested, and their contacts being traced.
世卫组织最新的指南建议使用口罩作为“综合性一揽子措施”的一部分，以帮助遏制新型冠状病毒肺炎的传播，其中包括身体距离、频繁洗手、患有在家自我隔离疾病的人、接受检测的疑似病例以及追踪他们的接触者。
Bolsonaro accused threatened to pull Brazil from the WHO that same evening and accused the organization of "ideological bias."
博尔索纳罗指责巴西当晚威胁要退出世界卫生组织，并指责该组织存在“意识形态偏见”
Investigations launched after Bolsonaro tells Brazilians to inspect hospitals themselves
在博尔索纳罗告诉巴西人自己去检查医院后展开的调查
"The United States left the WHO. We are considering that that also. Either the organization works without ideological bias, or we leave it too," Bolsonaro told reporters. "We don't need foreign people having a say in our health here."
“美国退出了世界卫生组织。 我们也在考虑这一点。 要么该组织的工作没有意识形态偏见，要么我们也离开它，”博尔索纳罗告诉记者。 “我们不需要外国人对我们的健康有发言权。”
Bolsonaro doubled-down on his attacks on the organization recently, after he accused it of trying to drive Brazil towards an economic recession.
博尔索纳罗最近加倍攻击该组织，指责它试图将巴西推向经济衰退。
"The so-called World Health Organization, wants us to follow them blindly. First, they say that asymptomatic people cannot transmit the virus then they go back on their comment. It seems like there is something more serious behind all that, they want our countries to go broke," Bolsonaro said during a press conference outside the Alvorada residence last Wednesday, referencing a WHO admission that asymptomatic transmission was a "major unknown."
“所谓的世界卫生组织，希望我们盲目地追随他们。 首先，他们说没有症状的人不能传播病毒，然后他们回到他们的评论。 上周三，博尔索纳罗在奥尔沃拉达官邸外举行的新闻发布会上说: “他们希望我们的国家破产，似乎背后隐藏着更为严重的问题。”他指的是世卫组织承认的无症状传播是一个“重大未知因素”
"The amount of economic problems this is going to cause will be huge, to the point of leaving Brazil broke," he said, repeating his oft-mentioned worry that the economic impact of the virus will be worse than the death toll.
“这将导致巨大的经济问题，以至于让巴西破产，”他说。他重申了自己经常提到的担忧，即病毒的经济影响将比死亡人数更为严重。
Triage vs. shutdown
分流与关闭
Instead of enforcing social distancing measures, his health minister General Pazuello has advocated for setting up more health triage centers across the country. There is no such thing as "100% isolation," he recently told CNN Brasil.
他的卫生部长 Pazuello 将军没有采取社会疏远的措施，而是主张在全国范围内建立更多的医疗分诊中心。 没有所谓的“100% 隔离” ，他最近告诉 CNN 巴西频道。
Cities across Brazil began gradually reopening last week. In major metropolitan areas, like Sao Paulo, malls and outdoor bazaars reopened for the first time in three months. Large crowds and traffic were reported in the bustling city center over the weekend by local media outlets.
巴西各地的城市上周开始逐步重新开放。 在圣保罗等主要大都市区，商场和露天市场三个月来首次重新开放。 据当地媒体报道，上周末，熙熙攘攘的市中心出现了大量的人群和交通。
Brazil's President Jair Bolsonaro greets supporters upon arrival at Planalto Palace in Brasilia, on May 24.
5月24日，巴西总统 Jair Bolsonaro 在抵达 Planalto Palace 时向支持者致意。
Officials insist the decision is based on improving conditions, like increasing availability of intensive care beds and a flattening infection curve in some places. But experts say the conditions to reopen are far from ideal and worry the rush could lead to more transmissions and postpone a real recovery.
官员们坚持认为这个决定是基于改善的条件，比如增加重症监护病床的可用性和在一些地方平缓感染曲线。 但专家们表示，重新开放的条件远非理想，担心这种热潮可能导致更多的传播，并推迟真正的复苏。
"You need to tackle the transportation issue. If everyone continues to take crowded buses and metro, which is what is happening, it won't work," said Paulo Lotufo, an epidemiologist at the University of S?o Paulo.
“你需要解决交通问题。 如果每个人都继续像现在这样乘坐拥挤的公共汽车和地铁，那是行不通的，”圣保罗大学流行病学家保罗•洛图福(Paulo Lotufo)表示。
Shortly after Sao Paulo began reopening, Mayor Bruno Covas was diagnosed with coronavirus last Saturday. Covas, who is currently undergoing cancer treatment for lymphoma, displayed no symptoms, according to a statement from the mayor's office. The statement also said Covas will be working from home and remain under observation.
圣保罗重新开放后不久，市长布鲁诺 · 科瓦斯上周六被诊断出感染了冠状病毒。 根据市长办公室的一份声明，目前正在接受淋巴瘤癌症治疗的 Covas 没有表现出任何症状。 声明还说，科瓦斯将在家工作，并继续接受观察。
Invading hospitals and Covid-19 wars
入侵医院和新型冠状病毒肺炎战争
Recent studies conducted by the non-profit Institute for Health Policy Studies found that the country could run out of health professionals and intensive care unit (ICU) beds soon. More than 60% of Brazil's population depends on the country's public health care system and at least 10% of Brazilians live in areas where there are no ICU beds available, according to the Institute.
最近由非盈利的健康政策研究所进行的研究发现，美国可能很快就会用完卫生专业人员和重症监护室病床。 据该研究所称，巴西60% 以上的人口依赖于该国的公共医疗保健系统，至少有10% 的巴西人生活在没有 ICU 床位的地区。
"The response to the pandemic could not have been any worse," Miguel Lago, a lecturer at Columbia University and executive director of Brazil's Institute for Health Policy Studies, told CNN. "This was not Sierra Leone before the Ebola crisis, Brazil had a solid public health care system that could have been put to better use at the beginning of the pandemic."
哥伦比亚大学(Columbia University)讲师、巴西卫生政策研究所(Institute for Health Policy Studies)执行主任米格尔•拉戈(Miguel Lago)对 CNN 表示: “对流感大流行的反应再糟糕不过了。”。 “这不是埃博拉危机之前的塞拉利昂，巴西拥有一个可靠的公共卫生保健系统，这个系统本可以在流行病爆发之初得到更好的利用。”
Nurse leader accuses Brazil of sacrificing medics to coronavirus
护士长指责巴西为冠状病毒牺牲药品
A CNN team recently visited hospitals in the cities of Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Manaus where health professionals shared horror stories of overcrowded ICU units and doctors and nurses treating patients at high risk of exposure and death.
美国有线电视新闻网的一个小组最近访问了圣保罗、里约热内卢和马瑙斯等城市的医院，在那里，卫生专业人员分享了过度拥挤的重症监护病房的恐怖故事，以及医生和护士治疗高风险接触和死亡的病人的故事。
"It's not a flu. It's the worst thing we have ever faced in our professional lives," Dr. Jacques Sztajnbok from Sao Paulo's Emilio Ribas Infectious Disease Institute told CNN.
“这不是流感。 这是我们职业生涯中遇到的最糟糕的事情，圣保罗 Emilio Ribas 传染病的 Jacques Sztajnbok 博士告诉 CNN。
Yet, Bolsonaro continues to question the claims that more is needed and that ICUs and hospitals are overcrowded, recently encouraging his supporters to go into the facilities to gather some video proof.
然而，博尔索纳罗继续质疑还需要更多治疗的说法，以及重症监护室和医院过于拥挤的说法，最近鼓励他的支持者去医院收集一些视频证据。
"There are field hospitals and public hospitals near you, find a way to get in and film in there," Bolsonaro said last Thursday during a Facebook live event. "We need more people to go in there and show if these beds are actually full. That helps us and all that material gathered from social media will then be sent to the Federal Police."
“你身边有野战医院和公立医院，想办法进去拍摄吧，”博尔索纳罗上周四在 Facebook 上的一次直播活动中说。 “我们需要更多的人进去，看看这些床位是否真的满了。 这对我们很有帮助，从社交媒体上收集到的所有材料都会被送到联邦警察局。”
Several instances of pro-Bolsonaro lawmakers and supporters trying to gain access to coronavirus treatment wards have recently been registered in the states of Sao Paulo, Espirito Santo and the Federal District, where the capital Brasilia is located.
最近在圣保罗州、 Espirito Santo 和首都巴西利亚所在的联邦特区登记了几起支持博尔索纳罗的立法者和支持者试图获得冠状病毒治疗病房的事例。
"This type of behavior is unacceptable at a time when the state of Espirito Santo, the country and the world face this serious crisis," the state health secretariat said in a written statement. "What's worse is that this behavior was encouraged by an irresponsible statement from the leader of this nation."
国家卫生秘书处在一份书面声明中表示: “在 Espirito Santo、国家和世界面临严重危机之际，这种行为是不可接受的。”。 “更糟糕的是，这种行为是受到这个国家领导人不负责任的声明的鼓励。”
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