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疫苗接种变卦引焦虑！加州接种本已轮到教师、农民、店员！
（SACBEE）California could prioritize age above all for COVID vaccine. Essential workers are upset
加州在接种COVID - 19疫苗时可以优先考虑年龄问题。重要工人感到不安
The Moderna COVID-19 vaccine is administered by appointment to Phase 1A frontline workers at a drive-thru clinic at Cal Expo in Sacramento on Thursday, Jan. 21, 2021. The location could expand to 10 lanes if enough vaccine is available.
2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)疫苗将于2021年1月21日(周四)在萨克拉门托加州博览会(Cal Expo)的一个汽车餐厅诊所接受预约注射。如果有足够的疫苗，这个地点可以扩大到10个通道。
José Padilla spent the last few months calling on California to prioritize vaccinating its farmworkers, who have to go to the field nearly every day and often can’t practice social distancing.
过去几个月，何塞·帕迪拉(Jose Padilla)一直呼吁加州优先为农场工人接种疫苗，因为他们几乎每天都要到地里干活，而且往往无法保持社交距离。
Last month, he and other advocates for farmworkers got a win when California listed essential workers such as farmworkers, teachers and grocery store clerks to be vaccinated right after those in the healthcare industry.
上个月，他和其他农场工人的支持者取得了胜利，加州将农场工人、教师和杂货店店员等重要工人列入接种名单，排在医疗行业的工人之后。
But as California, like much of the nation, redirects its focus to vaccinating residents 65 and older, Padilla wonders whether essential workers will be left behind.
但是，随着加州像美国的很多地方一样，将重点转向为65岁及以上的居民接种疫苗，帕迪拉想知道是否会有必要的工作人员被抛在后面。
“You cannot be changing the rules in your sixth meeting,” said Padilla, the executive director at the California Rural Legal Assistance. “That’s not fair to any of us trying to understand how equity is applied. All of a certain, the notion of equity has changed.”
“你不能在第六次会议上就改变规则，”加州农村法律援助中心(California Rural Legal Assistance)的执行主任帕迪拉(Padilla)说。“这对我们这些试图理解公平如何应用的人来说是不公平的。可以肯定的是，公平的概念已经改变了。”
For the past few weeks, California has tried to strike a delicate balance between vaccinating essential workers and older residents, whom both have been hit hard by the coronavirus pandemic that has killed more than 35,000 in the state.
过去几周，加州一直试图在为重要工作人员和老年居民接种疫苗之间取得微妙的平衡，他们都受到了冠状病毒大流行的严重打击，该州已造成逾3.5万人死亡。
But with California having trouble both getting and giving the vaccine, state officials are openly mulling prioritizing older residents ahead of all the other factors, including one’s job. That has advocates worried that essential workers, from teachers to farmworkers, will be left behind.
但由于加州在接种和接种疫苗方面都有困难，州政府官员公开考虑优先考虑老年居民，而不是其他因素，包括工作。这让支持者担心，从教师到农场工人等基本工人将被抛在后面。
With state officials saying it could take until June to vaccinate all Californians 65 and older at the current pace, that could mean essential workers will have to wait until this summer to be vaccinated.
加州官员表示，按照目前的速度，可能要到6月才能为所有65岁及以上的加州人接种疫苗，这可能意味着重要的工作人员要等到今年夏天才能接种疫苗。
“We want it to be equitable, but you can’t compare the vulnerability solely based on age,” said Esther Bejarano, programs manager of Imperial County-based environmental justice advocacy organization Comité Cívico del Valle, at a recent meeting of the state’s Community Vaccine Advisory Committee.
“我们希望这是公平的，但你不能仅仅基于年龄来比较疫苗的脆弱性，”位于Imperial县的环境正义倡议组织Civico del Valle委员会的项目经理Esther Bejarano在该州社区疫苗咨询委员会最近的一次会议上说。
WHY PRIORITIZE AGE FOR COVID-19 VACCINE
为什么COVID-19疫苗优先考虑年龄
State officials say prioritizing age makes sense given older people have a much higher rate of hospitalization and death from COVID-19.
州政府官员表示，考虑到老年人因COVID-19的住院率和死亡率要高得多，把年龄放在首位是有道理的。
“We’re really thinking very seriously about focusing primarily on age and not as much on the sectors we’ve been collectively spending a lot of time on,” State Epidemiologist Dr. Erica Pan said at the committee’s meeting.
加州流行病学家潘丽卡博士在委员会的会议上说：“我们真的非常认真地考虑把重点放在年龄上，而不是放在我们集体花费了大量时间的领域。
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data shows those 85 years and over are 630 times more likely to die from COVID-19 than those aged 18 to 29. Those aged 75 to 84 are 220 times more likely to die, and those aged 65 to 74 are 90 times more likely to die than those aged 18 to 29.
美国疾病控制和预防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)的数据显示，85岁及以上人群死于COVID-19的可能性是18至29岁人群的630倍。75岁至84岁的人死亡率是220倍，65岁至74岁的人死亡率是18岁至29岁的人的90倍。
Three-quarters of those who died from COVID-19 in California were 65 or older, according to data presented to the Community Vaccine Advisory Committee.
根据提交给社区疫苗咨询委员会(Community Vaccine Advisory Committee)的数据，加州四分之三死于COVID-19的患者年龄在65岁或以上。
By vaccinating older adults first, the state could push down the number of those hospitalized, which could benefit the community as a whole, California Department of Public Health Director Dr. Tomás J. Aragón said at the meeting.
加州公共卫生部门主任托马斯·j·阿拉贡博士在会议上说，通过先为老年人接种疫苗，该州可以减少住院人数，这将使整个社区受益。
The state also wants to make its vaccination phases and tiers easier to understand, Surgeon General Dr. Nadine Burke-Harris said at the meeting.
卫生局局长纳丁·伯克-哈里斯(Nadine Burke-Harris)博士在会议上说，该州还希望使其疫苗接种阶段和分级更容易理解。
“There is a great need for simplicity and clarity. We really have to look at consistency and clarity statewide as we’re looking at our vaccine rollout,” she said. “Simplifying saves lives.”
“我们非常需要简洁明了。她说:“我们必须在全州范围内关注疫苗的一致性和清晰度。”“简化拯救生命。”
VACCINES FOR TEACHERS AND SCHOOL REOPENING
为教师和学校重新开放提供疫苗
Advocates don’t contest that older adults need the vaccine. But they also want essential workers to be prioritized as well.
支持者并不反对老年人需要疫苗。但他们也希望重要的员工得到优先考虑。
Without vaccines for teachers and staff, many schools won’t reopen for full in-person learning, leaving students further behind, said Debra Schade, a school board member at the Solana Beach School District in San Diego County and a director at the California School Boards Association.
圣地亚哥县索拉纳海滩学区(Solana Beach school District)的学校董事会成员、加州学校董事会协会(California school Boards Association)主任德布拉·谢德(Debra Schade)说，如果没有为教师和员工提供疫苗，许多学校就不会重新开放，进行全面的实地学习，让学生进一步落后。
Age-based distribution “puts us in a situation where teachers and school employees will probably not be vaccinated until the late summer,” given the slow pace of the vaccine distribution from the federal government, she said. “It will be a heavy lifting to get those districts open... without risk mitigation that the vaccine would provide.”
她说，基于年龄的分配“将我们置于一种情况下，教师和学校员工可能直到夏末才会接种疫苗，”考虑到**分发疫苗的缓慢步伐。“开放这些选区将是一项艰巨的任务……没有疫苗所能提供的风险缓解。”
San Diego County has started vaccinating those aged 75 and older, and those 65 and up can also sign up if there are doses available. But it’s unclear when teachers and school staff there would get the vaccine.
圣迭戈县已经开始为75岁及以上的老人接种疫苗，如果有剂量的话，65岁及以上的人也可以报名。但目前还不清楚那里的教师和学校工作人员何时会接种疫苗。
Some local governments already have started vaccinating essential workers. Long Beach began giving vaccines to food workers, with teachers to be inoculated starting in days. Riverside County on Thursday, Jan. 21, vaccinated 300 farmworkers in eastern Coachella Valley.
一些地方政府已经开始为重要工作人员接种疫苗。长滩开始给食品工人接种疫苗，几天后开始给教师接种疫苗。1月21日星期四，河滨县在东部科切拉谷为300名农场工人接种了疫苗。
“We understand they’re highly exposed to this virus. But they still have to work, just like nurses and doctors… They’re just as essential,” Riverside County spokeswoman Yaoska Machado told the Press-Enterprise.
“我们知道他们高度接触这种病毒。但她们仍然要工作，就像护士和医生一样……她们是必不可少的。”
But Estella Cisneros at California Rural Legal Assistance said she is not aware of any other county vaccinating farmworkers, although many have moved onto inoculating older adults.
但加州农村法律援助中心的埃斯特拉·西斯内罗斯(Estella Cisneros)说，她不知道还有哪个县给农场工人接种疫苗，尽管很多县已经开始给老年人接种了。
Noe Paramo, a legislative advocate at California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation, said without a clear guidance from the state to prioritize vaccinating farmworkers, counties could decide to let them fall by the wayside.
加州农村法律援助基金会(California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation)的立法倡导者诺伊·帕拉莫(Noe Paramo)说，如果州政府没有明确的指导，让农场工人优先接种疫苗，各县可能会决定让他们靠边站。
“We are pleased that California’s agricultural workers have been placed, and remain in, Phase 1B, Tier 1 of vaccination distribution,” Paramo recently wrote to the Community Vaccine Advisory Committee members. “However, recent pronouncements at the federal and state levels are making this prioritization illusory.”
“我们很高兴加州的农业工人已经被安置在，并继续留在，1B阶段，一级疫苗分发，”Paramo最近写信给社区疫苗咨询委员会成员。“然而，最近联邦和州一级的声明让这种优先化变得不切实际。”
Diana Tellefson Torres, executive director of United Farm Workers Foundation, noted a recent preprint study from University of California San Francisco, which showed agriculture workers aged 18 to 65 experienced 39% increase in deaths during the pandemic.
联合农场工人基金会(United Farm Workers Foundation)执行董事黛安娜•特莱夫森•托雷斯(Diana Tellefson Torres)指出，加州大学旧金山分校(University of California San Francisco)最近的一份预印刷研究报告显示，在大流行期间，年龄在18岁至65岁的农业工人死亡人数增加了39%。
“What is the easiest doesn’t always address who’s at the highest risk,” she said.
“最简单的方法并不能解决高风险,”她说。
VACCINE EQUITY
疫苗
State officials said they are still keeping equity in mind when it comes to vaccination.
州政府官员说，当涉及到疫苗接种时，他们仍然在考虑公平问题。
They put forth a proposal to allocate 20% of the future vaccine supply based on ZIP codes that are among the most disadvantaged, measured by Healthy Places Index that tracks indicators such as employment, pollution and homeownership.
他们提出了一项建议，将20%的未来疫苗供应基于邮政编码，这些邮政编码位于最弱势的地区，通过追踪就业、污染和住房所有权等指标的健康场所指数来衡量。
Anthony Wright, executive director of consumer advocacy coalition Health Access, said the place-based allocation could be one way the state can distribute vaccines more equitably even if it decides to shift to age-based distribution.
消费者权益保护联盟“健康获取”(Health Access)的执行主任安东尼·赖特(Anthony Wright)表示，即使州政府决定转向按年龄分配疫苗，基于位置的分配可能是一种更公平分配疫苗的方式。
Still, distributing vaccines equitably goes far beyond who or where to prioritize, he said. California needs to address several barriers, from people not having a car to drive to a vaccine site to people not having technology to access the online appointment system, he said.
但他说，公平分配疫苗远远超出了世卫组织或优先考虑的地方。他说，加州需要解决几个障碍，从人们没有汽车开车到疫苗接种地点，再到人们没有技术访问在线预约系统。
“If we want this to be as efficient and equitable rollout, equity lives in the last miles of logistics as much as prioritization of population,” he said.
他说:“如果我们希望这一项目能够高效、公平地推出，公平就像人口优先化一样存在于物流的最后几英里中。”
In the end, the state simply needs more vaccine doses to give out as soon as possible, said Andrew Noymer, a UC Irvine disease prevention professor and epidemiologist.
加州大学欧文分校疾病预防教授、流行病学家安德鲁·诺梅尔(Andrew Noymer)说，最后，该州只是需要尽快发放更多的疫苗。
“We’re kind of rearranging the deck chairs on the Titanic if we talk about vaccinating essential workers or people 65 years and older,” he said. “The fact that we have to even ask the question may be an indication we’ve failed.”
他说:“如果我们要给重要的工作人员或65岁以上的人接种疫苗，我们就像是在重新安排泰坦尼克号上的躺椅。”“事实上，我们甚至不得不问这个问题，可能表明我们失败了。”
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发表于 2021-1-25 08:54:18
发表于 2023-1-7 20:12:41