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萨县的确诊病例再次上升！多数企业可能又要关闭！
With coronavirus cases again on the rise, Sacramento County’s top public health chief put out a plea Wednesday for families to think twice before gathering in groups for Thanksgiving, holiday dinners or other celebrations.
随着冠状病毒病例再次上升，萨克拉门托县公共卫生负责人周三呼吁家庭在感恩节、节日聚餐或其他庆祝活动前三思。
The Sacramento region and California as a whole are still faring far better than most states at the moment, and far better than during the state’s summer COVID-19 surge when hospital intensive care units nearly filled, county health chief Dr. Peter Beilenson said.
县卫生部长彼得·贝伦森(Peter Beilenson)说，萨克拉门托地区和加州整体的情况目前仍远好于大多数州，也远好于该州夏季COVID-19激增期间的情况，当时医院重症监护病房几乎人满为患。
But with rates rising and more people heading indoors, where virus transmission happens more easily, Beilenson warned of a potential winter surge.
但随着感染率上升，越来越多的人进入室内，而室内病毒传播更容易，贝伦森警告说，冬季可能会出现病毒激增。
“Thanksgiving is going to be a real problem,” he said. “It’s understandable. People want to get together with family. We ask that you do a virtual Thanksgiving gathering so that the whole family can enjoy the next 30 years of in-person Thanksgiving gatherings.”
“感恩节将成为一个真正的问题，”他说。“这是可以理解的。人们想和家人聚在一起。我们要求你们举办一次虚拟的感恩节聚会，这样整个家庭就可以享受接下来30年面对面的感恩节聚会。”
New data released by the state on Wednesday reveal that most counties in the Sacramento region and several in other parts of the state are showing regression toward higher infection rates. Only a handful are trending in the right direction, notching progress in advancing toward looser restrictions within the state’s opening process.
周三，加州公布的最新数据显示，萨克拉门托地区的大多数县以及该州其他地区的几个县的感染率正在上升。只有少数正朝着正确的方向发展，在开放进程中朝着放宽限制的方向取得进展。
Sacramento, Yolo, El Dorado and Placer could all be faced with imposing tighter health restrictions on some types of businesses within the next few weeks.
未来几周内，萨克拉门托(Sacramento)、Yolo、埃尔多拉多(El Dorado)和Placer都可能面临对某些类型的企业实施更严格的健康限制。
The four have combined for more than 35,000 lab-confirmed cases and 630 deaths from the contagious respiratory disease since the start of the pandemic, with recent data indicating a resurgence in infections after decline from mid-August through most of September.
自大流行开始以来，这四个地区总共出现了3.5万多例实验室确诊病例，630人死于传染性呼吸道疾病。最近的数据显示，感染人数在8月中旬至9月大部分时间下降之后又出现了回升。
All four were notified in the state’s weekly assessment of COVID-19 risk levels that they failed to meet the standards required for their current tier levels within the state’s reopening framework.
在对新冠肺炎风险水平的每周评估中，所有四个地区都被告知，它们没有达到加州重新开放框架内现有等级水平的要求。
That means, barring a state-issued exemption or a change to the process itself, each county would be demoted to a stricter tier if the numbers don’t improve. Red-tier Sacramento and Yolo counties, in that instance, would have to tell restaurants to discontinue the limited level of indoor dining that has been allowed since late September.
这意味着，除非州政府颁布豁免或改变程序本身，否则如果数据没有改善，每个县都将被降级到更严格的级别。在这种情况下，萨克拉门托(Sacramento)和约洛县(Yolo county)的红线区将不得不要求餐馆停止允许室内用餐，这一规定自9月底以来一直被允许。
Statewide, COVID-19 infection and hospital rates have been on the rise since the latter half of October. The California Department of Public Health reported more than 5,300 new cases Wednesday, the most since late August in a single day not linked to the input of backlogged data.
自10月下旬以来，全州COVID-19感染和住院率一直在上升。加州公共卫生部门周三报告了5300多例新增病例，这是自8月下旬以来的最高水平，与积压的数据输入无关。
The day’s tally boosted the state’s all-time count past 940,000 lab-confirmed cases, and the average daily case total for the last two weeks is now over 4,400. The daily rate had stayed below 3,400 throughout the first half of October before beginning to climb.
这一天的数据使得该州的实验室确诊病例超过了94万，过去两周的日均病例总数已经超过了4400例。在上升之前，10月上半月该指数一直低于3,400点。
The statewide test positivity rate, as a rolling 14-day average, has increased from 2.5% to 3.3% in the past three weeks. That suggests true spread of the disease is rising, and the spike in cases is not just a product of higher testing capacity.
全州14天的检测阳性率在过去三周从2.5%上升到3.3%。这表明，这种疾病的真正传播正在上升，病例激增不仅仅是检测能力提高的结果。
Additionally, the number of patients with confirmed COVID-19 in California hospitals, a figure that had plateaued between 2,200 and 2,400 for most of October, is now approaching 2,700 amid a steady climb. The total in intensive care units increased by 5% Tuesday and another 5% Wednesday, and it’s up 28% in less than two weeks — from 610 to 779 requiring ICU care.
此外，加州医院确诊的COVID-19患者人数在10月的大部分时间里一直在2,200至2,400之间保持稳定，目前已接近2,700人，呈稳步上升趋势。重症监护病房的总数在周二和周三分别增长了5%和5%，在不到两周的时间里增长了28%，从需要重症监护的610个增至779个。
Those are trends made all the more concerning by the influx of potential new cases that could be linked to Halloween weekend and in-person Election Day voting, neither of which are expected to show up in the data until around mid-November. And as Beilenson notes, colder weather and Thanksgiving await after that.
与万圣节周末和选举日的现场投票有关的潜在新病例的大量涌入，使得上述趋势更加令人担忧。预计这两项数据要到11月中旬左右才会显示出来。正如贝伦森指出的那样，寒冷的天气和感恩节将在那之后到来。
WILL BUSINESSES HAVE TO CLOSE BACK DOWN?
企业会被迫关门吗?
Gov. Gavin Newsom and state health officials introduced the tiered reopening framework at the start of September, and it has gone relatively smoothly.
9月初，州长加文纽森(Gavin Newsom)和州卫生官员引入了分层重开的框架，目前进展相对顺利。
Tiers determine which businesses and other activities can remain open and under which sets of restrictions. The move from the purple tier to red is most substantial, allowing restaurants, places of worship and more to reopen for indoor operations with strict capacity limits. Moves to the less-restrictive orange and yellow tiers increase those capacity limits and allow more, mainly entertainment-based sectors to open up.
层次决定哪些业务和其他活动可以在哪些限制下保持开放。从紫色到红色的转变是最重大的，允许餐馆、礼拜场所和更多的室内经营重新开放，但有严格的容量限制。转向限制较少的橙色和黄色层级的举措加大了产能限制，并允许更多主要以娱乐为基础的行业开放。
This week’s tier list update from the state, delayed from the usual Tuesday to Wednesday due to the election, brought more foreshadowing than immediate change.
由于选举的原因，该州本周更新的层级清单从通常的周二推迟到了周三，它带来的与其说是立即的改变，不如说是一种预示。
Health officials demoted two Northern California counties to stricter tiers and promoted another one to looser restrictions: Shasta County went from red to purple, Plumas County from yellow to orange and Colusa County was promoted from red to orange.
卫生官员将加州北部的两个县降级为更严格的等级，而将另一个县提升为更宽松的等级:沙斯塔县由红色改为紫色，普卢默斯县由黄色改为橙色，而科卢萨县由红色改为橙色。
There are now 10 counties in the purple tier and nine in the yellow tier. The remaining 39 counties — the bulk of California — are in the middle two tiers.
现在有10个县在紫色层，9个在黄色层。其余的39个县——加州的大部分——都在中间的两层。
But 13 of California’s red, orange and yellow counties failed to meet the necessary criteria for their current tiers this week, including the four in the immediate capital region.
但本周，加州有13个红、橙、黄三色县未能达到现行等级的必要标准，其中包括首府地区的四个县。
The two main metrics considered in tier classifications are daily new infections per 100,000 residents and the percentage of diagnostic tests returning positive. The state also looks at a health equity metric for counties of more than 106,000 people, which considers test positivity rate in a county’s neighborhoods considered most disadvantaged.
在分级中考虑的两个主要指标是每10万居民每日新增感染人数和诊断检测结果呈阳性的百分比。该州还考虑了人口超过10.6万的县的健康公平性指标，该指标将该县社区的检测阳药率视为最弱势的。
Because of built-in lag times in the opening framework, this week’s update looking at data from Oct. 18 to Oct. 24 is the first to fully take into account the statewide spike in cases that started around the mid-point of the month. Infections have increased significantly in the greater Sacramento area since then, with nursing facility outbreaks and nursing home outbreaks pointed to as potential key sources, as The Sacramento Bee reported last week.
由于开放框架内置的滞后时间，本周对10月18日至10月24日的数据进行的更新是第一次全面考虑了本月中旬开始的全州范围内的案件高峰。据《萨克拉门托蜜蜂报》上周报道，自那以后，大萨克拉门托地区的感染病例显著增加，疗养院和养老院的感染病例被认为是潜在的主要来源。
Sacramento and Yolo counties each met the state’s test positivity requirement of 4.9% or less for the orange tier. Sacramento’s was 3.4% and Yolo’s was 2.7%, with both increasing by a half-point compared to last week.
萨克拉门托(Sacramento)和约洛县(Yolo county)都达到了该州要求的橙色等级考试阳性率为4.9%或更低的要求。萨克拉门托3.4%，Yolo为2.7%，与上周相比均上涨了0.5个百分点。
But each averaged more than seven new daily cases per 100,000 residents, which is the red-to-purple threshold.
但每10万居民平均每天新增7例以上，这是红到紫的界限。
El Dorado and Placer counties also failed to meet their criteria for the orange tier in this week’s update. Similar to Sacramento and Yolo, the two foothill counties had too many new cases per capita; test positivity, while higher than the previous week, stayed in the allowable range.
在本周的更新中，埃尔多拉多县和Placer县也没有达到他们的橙色等级标准。与萨克拉门托和约洛类似，这两个县的人均新发病例太多;检测阳性率虽然比前一周高，但仍在允许范围内。
In most circumstances, it takes two consecutive weeks of meeting a less-restrictive tier’s requirements or failing to meet the currently assigned tier’s requirements to be promoted or demoted, respectively.
在大多数情况下，连续两周满足一个限制较少的层次的要求，或未能满足当前指定层次的要求，将分别被提升或降级。
Yolo County immediately issued a news release announcing it had met purple-tier metrics for its first week, urging residents to follow health protocols like social distancing, mask use and avoiding large gatherings in an effort to mitigate the current spike and avoid business shutdowns.
约洛县立即发布了一份新闻稿，宣布该县在开业的第一周就达到了紫色等级标准，敦促居民遵守健康协议，比如保持社交距离、戴口罩、避免大型集会，以缓解目前的高峰，避免企业倒闭。
“We must all cooperate and take personal responsibility for diminishing the spread of this virus,” Yolo County Board of Supervisors chair Gary Sandy said in a written statement.
约洛县监事会主席加里·桑迪在一份书面声明中表示:“我们必须通力合作，为减少这种病毒的传播承担个人责任。”
There are exceptions that can prevent demotion. CDPH and the county can engage in “tier adjudication,” which is essentially an appeal process letting the county argue that a data discrepancy or other factor skewed its weekly numbers in an abnormal way.
有一些例外可以防止降级。CDPH和该县可以进行“层次裁决”，这本质上是一个上诉过程，让该县争论数据差异或其他因素扭曲了其每周数字的反常方式。
Placer County remains in orange despite two straight weeks of red-tier numbers because it has sought adjudication from the state. Its formal adjudication document isn’t due to the state until Thursday evening.
尽管普拉瑟县已经连续两周出现了红色移民，但该州仍然保持橙色，因为该州已经在寻求该州的裁决。它的正式裁决文件要到周四晚上才会交给州政府。
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发表于 2020-11-5 10:30:58
发表于 2023-1-5 14:47:15