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又要释放囚犯了！法院命令加州将圣昆廷监狱的囚犯人数减少一半！
A California appeals court has ordered state corrections officials to cut the population of one of the world's most famous prisons to less than half of its designed capacity, citing officials' “deliberate indifference” to the plight of inmates during the coronavirus pandemic.
加州一家上诉法院下令州惩教官员将世界上最著名的监狱之一的人口削减至设计容量的一半以下，理由是官员在冠状病毒大流行期间“故意漠视”囚犯的困境。
State prison officials said Wednesday that they are deciding whether to appeal the order, which otherwise will force them to parole or transfer about 1,100 inmates serving time in San Quentin State Prison north of San Francisco.
州监狱官员星期三说，他们正在决定是否对这一命令提出上诉，否则将迫使他们假释或转移在旧金山北部圣昆廷州立监狱服刑的大约1100名囚犯。
California's oldest prison, home to its death row, was the site of one of the nation's worst coronavirus outbreaks, with 28 inmate deaths and 2,200 infections at its peak - about 75% of the inmate population. Nearly 300 employees were sickened and one died, though all but nine employees are now back to work.
这是加州历史最悠久的监狱，也是死囚牢房所在地，也是美国冠状病毒爆发最严重的地方之一，28名囚犯死亡，在高峰期有2200人感染，约占囚犯总数的75%。近300名员工患病，1人死亡，但目前除9名员工外，所有人都已恢复工作。
It was “the worst epidemiological disaster in California correctional history,” the First District Court of Appeal in San Francisco said in Tuesday's ruling.
旧金山第一地方上诉法院在周二的裁决中称，这是“加州惩教史上最严重的流行病学灾难”。
The three-justice court said officials' decision not to cut the inmate population by half, as recommended by prison officials' outside advisors in June, was “morally indefensible and constitutionally untenable.”
由三名法官组成的最高法院表示，官员们没有按照监狱官员外部顾问6月份的建议，将囚犯人数减少一半，这一决定“在道德上站不住脚，在宪法上也站不住脚”。
Assemblyman Marc Levine, a Democrat who represents the area, on Wednesday said that without a further significant reduction, "it is not a question of if another COVID-19 spike will happen at San Quentin, it is a question of when.”
代表该地区的民主党众议员马克·莱文(Marc Levine)周三表示，如果疫情没有进一步大幅减少，“新冠肺炎疫情是否会再次在圣昆廷爆发，这不是问题，而是时间问题。”
However, there is only one current active coronavirus case at San Quentin, and two other California prisons now top it for both active cases and cumulative number of infections.
然而，目前在圣昆廷监狱只有一名冠状病毒活动性病例，加州另外两所监狱的活动性病例和累计感染人数都超过了该监狱。
San Quentin's outbreak flared when prison officials botched the transfer of inmates from a Southern California prison in May, inadvertently sending infected prisoners who had not been recently tested.
今年5月，监狱管理人员在将南加州一所监狱的囚犯转移的过程中出现了失误，无意中将最近没有接受检测的感染了病毒的囚犯转移到了圣昆廷监狱。
Cases exploded, driven by “the unique architecture and age” of the prison that opened in 1852, and its “exceedingly poor ventilation, extraordinarily close living quarters, and inadequate sanitation,” wrote experts at the University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health and the University of California, San Francisco.
加州大学伯克利分校公共卫生学院(University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health)和加州大学旧金山分校(University of California, San Francisco)的专家们写道，这座监狱于1852年启用，其“独特的建筑和年代”，以及“极其糟糕的通风条件、极其拥挤的生活区和不完善的卫生设施”，都是导致确诊激增的原因。
The prison then housed more than 3,500 inmates, many with multiple health vulnerabilities, the experts found. Cutting the population by half would allow many inmates to be housed separately and let officials clear more space to keep inmates spaced for treatment, quarantine or to reduce the virus' spread, they said.
专家发现，该监狱当时关押了3500多名囚犯，其中许多人有多重健康缺陷。他们说，如果人口减少一半，许多囚犯就可以被单独关押，官员们就可以腾出更多空间，让囚犯之间保持距离，以便进行治疗、隔离或减少病毒的传播。
The three appellate justices said the state failed to present any evidence to the contrary. Their unanimous order requires prison officials to house no more than 1,775 inmates in space designed for about 3,100 inmates and a staffed capacity of nearly 4,500 inmates.
这三名上诉法官说，州政府没有提出任何相反的证据。他们一致要求监狱管理人员在能容纳大约3100名囚犯和近4500名囚犯的空间里关押不超过1775名囚犯。
The population can be reduced by transfers to other prisons or paroles, the court said. State prisons now hold fewer than 98,000 inmates, so those from San Quentin could likely be absorbed elsewhere, the court said.
法院表示，可以通过转移到其他监狱或假释的方式减少人口。州监狱现在关押的犯人不到98,000人，所以圣昆廷监狱的犯人可能会被其他地方吸收，法院说。
Only about 700 San Quentin inmates could not be considered for release, the court said, because they can never be paroled or are on the nation's largest death row, though Gov. Gavin Newsom has put a moratorium on executions while he is governor.
法院表示，只有大约700名圣昆廷监狱的囚犯不能考虑释放，因为他们永远不能被假释，也不能被关在美国最大的死囚牢房里，尽管州长加文纽瑟姆(Gavin Newsom)在担任州长期间已经暂停执行死刑。
“It’s a monumental decision and it is the right decision and it supports our contention that people in San Quentin’s right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment has been violated since the start of the outbreak," said Danica Rodarmel, state policy director for the San Francisco Public Defender.
“这是一个里程碑式的决定，也是正确的决定，它支持了我们的观点，即自疫情爆发以来，圣昆廷监狱不受残忍和不寻常惩罚的权利就被侵犯了，”旧金山公共辩护律师协会(San Quentin Public Defender)的州政策主任丹妮卡·罗达梅尔(Danica Rodarmel)说。
Her office and others next week are asking a judge in Marin County, home to San Quentin, to free more than 300 of the prison's inmates on similar legal grounds. Lawyers in those cases also are arguing that the prison's population must be reduced at least 50%, but say releases - not transfers - are the answer because botched transfers "caused this problem to begin with,” Rodarmel said.
她的办公室和其他一些人将于下周要求圣昆廷监狱所在地马林县的一名法官基于类似的法律理由释放300多名囚犯。处理这些案件的律师还主张，监狱的人口必须减少至少50%，但表示释放——而不是转移——才是解决问题的答案，因为拙劣的转移“从一开始就造成了这个问题，”罗达梅尔说。
State officials “respectfully disagree with the court’s determination,” corrections department spokeswoman Dana Simas said in an email, saying the department "has taken extensive actions to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic.”
惩教部门发言人达纳·西马斯(Dana Simas)在一封电子邮件中表示，州政府官员“尊重地不同意法院的判决”，并表示惩教部门“已采取广泛行动应对COVID-19疫情”。
The department has released more than 21,000 people since March through earlier releases or because they finished their sentences, “resulting in the lowest prison population in decades,” she said. San Quentin’s population was trimmed to the current roughly 2,900 inmates.
她说，自今年3月以来，司法部已经释放了2.1万多人，这些人要么是早些时候获释，要么是因为他们已经完成了刑期，“这是几十年来监狱人数最低的一次”。圣昆廷监狱的囚犯人数减少到目前的2900人。
Current inmate coronavirus cases “are the lowest they have been since May,” Simas said, with fewer than 500 current infections and more than 14,000 recovered. Statewide, 71 inmates and 10 employees have died.
目前的囚犯冠状病毒感染病例是“5月份以来的最低水平”，Simas说，目前只有不到500人感染，超过14000人康复。全州共有71名囚犯和10名雇员死亡。
The justices' sweeping ruling came in lawsuit by a 64-year-old San Quentin inmate Ivan Von Staich, who is serving 17 years-to-life for second-degree murder on top of a 13-year sentence for attempted murder.
64岁的圣昆廷监狱囚犯伊万·冯·斯泰奇(Ivan Von Staich)提起了诉讼，在此之前，他曾因谋杀未遂被判13年徒刑，现在因二级谋杀被判17年至终身监禁。
He was housed with a 65-year-old inmate in a cell "so small that you can touch the walls with your hands,” where both tested positive for the virus. The court ordered him removed from the prison, noting that he has already been accepted at a residential facility supervised by the corrections system.
他和一名65岁的囚犯被关在一个“小到你可以用手触摸墙壁”的牢房里，两人都被检测出病毒呈阳性。法院下令将他从监狱转移，并指出他已经被关押在一个由惩教系统监管的住宅设施。
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发表于 2020-10-22 09:07:02
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