|
|
奥克兰为低收入人群推出保障薪酬计划！每月500美元补助！
（SACBEE）The mayor of Oakland, California, on Tuesday announced a privately funded program that will give low-income families of color $500 per month with no rules on how they can spend it.
周二，加利福尼亚州奥克兰市市长宣布了一项私人资助的项目，该项目将向低收入有色人种家庭提供每月500美元的补助，而且不规定他们如何使用这笔钱。
The program is the latest experiment with a “guaranteed income," an idea that giving poor people a set amount of money each month helps ease the stresses of poverty that often lead to poor health while hindering their ability to find full-time work.
该项目是对“收入保障”的最新尝试。“收入保障”是指每月向贫困人口发放一定数额的钱，以帮助缓解贫困带来的压力。贫困往往会导致健康状况不佳，并阻碍他们找到全职工作。
The idea isn't new, but it's having a revival across the U.S. after some mayors launched small, temporary programs across the country in a coordinated campaign to convince Congress to adopt a national guaranteed income program.
这个想法并不是什么新鲜事，但在一些市长在全国范围内发起了小规模的临时项目，以说服国会通过一项国家保障收入计划之后，这个想法在全国范围内得到了复兴。
The first program launched in 2019 in Stockton, California, led by former Mayor Michael Tubbs. Tubbs, who founded the group Mayors for a Guaranteed Income, has said about six similar programs in other cities should be up and running by the summer.
第一个项目于2019年在加州斯托克顿市启动，由前市长迈克尔·塔布斯(Michael Tubbs)领导。塔布斯是“市长保证收入”组织的创始人。他说，其他城市的六个类似项目应该在今年夏天之前启动并运行。
The Oakland Resilient Families program has so far raised $6.75 million from private donors including Blue Meridian Partners, a national philanthropy group. To be eligible, people must have at least one child under 18 and income at or below 50% of the area median income — about $59,000 per year for a family of three.
奥克兰恢复家庭计划到目前为止已经从私人捐赠者那里筹集了675万美元。符合资格的人必须至少有一个18岁以下的孩子，并且收入低于该地区中位数收入的50%——一个三口之家的年收入约为59,000美元。
Half the spots are reserved for people who earn below 138% of the federal poverty level, or about $30,000 per year for a family of three. Participants will be randomly selected from a pool of applicants who meet the eligibility requirements.
一半的名额是留给收入低于联邦贫困水平138%的人，或者一个三口之家每年约3万$的人。参与者将从符合资格要求的申请者名单中随机挑选出。
Oakland's project is significant because it is one of the largest efforts in the U.S. so far, targeting up to 600 families. And it is the first program to limit participation strictly to Black, Indigenous and people of color communities.
奥克兰的项目意义重大，因为它是美国迄今为止最大的项目之一，目标是多达600个家庭。这是第一个严格要求非裔、土著和有色人种参与的项目。
The reason: White households in Oakland on average make about three times as much annually than black households, according to the Oakland Equity Index. It's also a nod to the legacy of the Black Panther Party, the political movement that was founded in Oakland in the 1960s.
原因是:奥克兰的白人家庭平均每年的收入是黑人家庭的三倍。这也是对Black Panther Party遗产的认可，该政治运动于20世纪60年代在奥克兰成立。
“Guaranteed income has been a goal of the Black Panther platform since its founding,” said Jesús Gerena, CEO of Family Independence Initiative, which is partnering with the program in Oakland. “Direct investment in the community in response to systemic injustices isn't new.”
“自平台成立以来，保证收入一直是其目标之一，”家庭独立倡议(Family Independence Initiative)的首席执行官Jesús Gerena说，该组织正在与奥克兰的该项目合作。“对社区进行直接投资以应对系统性的不公正现象并不新鲜。”
The idea of a guaranteed income dates to the 18th century. The U.S. government experimented with it in the 1960s and 1970s when Republicans Donald Rumsfeld, later a defense secretary, and Dick Cheney, the future vice president, oversaw four programs across the country during the Nixon administration.
有保障收入的概念可以追溯到18世纪。上世纪60年代和70年代，共和党人唐纳德·拉姆斯菲尔德(Donald Rumsfeld)(后来成为国防部长)和迪克·切尼(Dick Cheney)(后来成为副总统)在尼克松政府期间在全国范围内监督了四个项目，当时美国政府对这一项目进行了试验。
Those studies concluded the money did not stop people from working, causing Nixon to recommend expanding the program. But it never got through Congress.
这些研究得出的结论是，这些钱并没有阻止人们工作，这导致尼克松建议扩大该计划。但它从未在国会获得通过。
Decades later, proponents are trying again, only this time it's led by progressive mayors. The program in Stockton, California, ended in February. An independent review found that after one year of getting the money, 40% of recipients had full-time jobs compared with 28% before the program started.
几十年后，支持者们再次尝试，只是这次是由市长们领导的。加州斯托克顿市的这一项目已于今年2月结束。一项独立审查发现，在获得资金一年后，40%的受助者拥有全职工作，而在项目开始前，这一比例为28%。
“The fact that mayors are piloting (guaranteed income programs), using political capital to raise capital to allow their constituents to have basic necessities, is a policy failure," Tubbs said. “It's an admission that we need to do more.”
塔布斯说:“市长们正在试行(保证收入计划)，利用政治资本来筹集资金，让选民获得基本生活必需品。”“这是承认我们需要做更多的事情。”
It's unclear what a national guaranteed income program would look like. A proposal by former Democratic presidential candidate Andrew Yang could have cost $2.8 trillion per year.
目前还不清楚国家保证收入计划会是什么样子。前民主党总统候选人杨安泽(Andrew Yang)提出的一项提案每年可能耗资2.8万亿美元。
A form of guaranteed income could take effect for many parents this year as part of the latest federal stimulus package. Congress expanded the child tax credit, with the goal of giving many parents monthly payments of up to $300 per month. Those payments are temporary.
作为最新的联邦经济刺激计划的一部分，一种形式的保证收入可能会在今年对许多父母生效。国会扩大了儿童税收抵免，目标是给许多父母每月最多300美元的补贴。这些支付是暂时的。
In California, a proposal by Assemblyman Evan Low to give $1,000 a month to adults with certain incomes could cost up to $129 billion annually — more than half the state’s total budget — paid for by a new 1% tax on incomes above $2 million. Low said that bill is unlikely to pass this year, but he said his goal is to get people comfortable with the idea.
在加州，一项由州议员Evan Low提出的每月向特定收入的成年人发放1000美元的提案，每年将花费1290亿美元——超过该州总预算的一半——由对收入超过200万美元的人征收1%的新税来支付。勒夫说，这项法案今年不大可能通过，但他说，他的目标是让人们接受这个想法。
“The initial shock seems to wear off the more people are educated and realize the benefits of having more control over their lives,” Low said.
洛说:“随着更多的人接受教育，并意识到更多地掌控自己的生活的好处，最初的震惊似乎逐渐消失。”
Critics, including labor unions, worry such expensive programs could force the elimination of other safety net programs, like Social Security and food stamps. But Schaaf said she is unapologetic that “the social safety net programs must remain.”
包括工会在内的批评人士担心，如此昂贵的项目可能会迫使取消其他项目，如社会保障和食品券。但沙夫说，她对“社会保障体系必须保留下去”毫无歉意。
“We believe that those safety net programs should not go away, but should be supplemented with unconditional cash that gives families the dignity and flexibility to meet their needs,” she said.
她说:“我们认为，这些项目不应该消失，而应该得到无条件的现金补充，让家庭有尊严和灵活性来满足他们的需求。”
联系人:-
电话号码: |
|
发表于 2021-3-24 12:43:40
发表于 2023-1-12 16:28:38