|
|
萨城12个街区封闭道路，阻止汽车进入！未来将会有更多！
（SACBEE）A woman roller skates down 26th Street in midtown Sacramento on Monday, Feb. 15, 2021, between new street signs put up by the city as part of a “slow and active streets” initiative to encourage more people to get out of their cars and utilize the road space. The latest of several street closures covers 12 blocks of 26 between J and V streets.
2021年2月15日，萨克拉门托市中心，一名女子滑着旱冰鞋走在第26街的新路标之间。这是萨克拉门托推出的“慢而活跃的街道”倡议的一部分，旨在鼓励更多的人下车走路。最近的几次街道封闭包括了J街和V街之间26个街区中的12个街区。
Twenty-five years ago, Sacramento made a pivotal decision at the urging of beleaguered residents: Cars would no longer be undisputed kings of central city streets.
25年前，在居民的敦促下，萨克拉门托做出了一个关键决定:汽车将不再是中心城市街道上无可争议的霸王。
The city would revamp the central street grid to slow commute traffic, disperse it, and even block car drivers from using some residential streets. The long-term goal was to swing the pendulum from a car-centric central city to a calmer and more livable series of neighborhoods where pedestrians and bicyclists feel safe, and where walkable business districts could thrive.
该市将改造中央街道，以减缓通勤交通，分散交通，甚至阻止汽车司机使用一些住宅街道。长期目标是从一个以汽车为中心的中心城市，重心放到更平静、更宜居的社区，让行人和自行车都感到安全，让适合步行的商业区蓬勃发展。
That ambitious effort is ongoing today, and took what could be a notable step forward last week when the city partially closed 1.6 miles of residential streets in midtown to through traffic.
这一雄心勃勃的计划目前仍在进行，上周，该市部分关闭了中城1.6英里(约合1.6公里)长的住宅区街道，让车辆通行，这可能是一个显著的进步。
The closures, on 26th Street from K to V streets, on O Street between 22nd and 26th streets, and V Street between 21st and 26th streets, are an experiment, with temporary signage.
第26街K街到V街、第22街到26街之间的O街、第21街到26街之间的V街都是临时性的封闭试验。
The experiment comes during a period of relative commute calm in downtown due to pandemic-related office closures. The city will observe in the coming months to see how it works.
在疫情期间，办公室都关闭，在市中心的交通相对平静的时期进行了实验。该市将在接下来的几个月里观察它是如何运作的。
But officials say they already are willing to try it out in other neighborhoods if residents want it and if the street situation makes sense, city transportation planning manager Jennifer Donlon Wyant said.
城市交通规划经理詹妮弗·唐龙·怀昂特(Jennifer Donlon Wyant)说，但官员们表示，如果居民愿意，而且街道状况合理的话，他们已经愿意在其他社区进行尝试。
The move has triggered immediate debate and some confusion.
此举立即引发了争论和一些混乱。
Some applauded the idea, saying it makes residential neighborhoods tranquil and friendly. Others complain the city is wrong to force drivers out of their way, especially given that pedestrians already have sidewalks, and cyclists can use the street anyway.
一些人对这一想法表示欢迎，认为这使住宅区变得宁静友好。其他人则抱怨城市不应该强迫司机让路，尤其是考虑到行人已经有了人行道，而骑自行车的人无论如何都可以使用街道。
And some just question the viability: There are signs up, but the streets are not entirely blocked, so what’s to stop any and all drivers from heading down the street anyway?
还有一些人质疑这种做法的可行性:虽然有路标，但街道并没有完全堵塞，那么又有什么理由阻止所有的司机上路呢?
The idea appears to have solid support in the neighborhood, though. The area’s City Council representative, Katie Valenzuela, calls the closures an amenity that could help improve mental and physical health during the COVID-19 pandemic.
不过，这个想法似乎在附近地区得到了坚实的支持。该地区的市议会代表凯蒂·巴伦苏埃拉(Katie Valenzuela)称，在COVID-19大流行期间，关闭这些道路可以帮助改善心理和身体健康。
Emel Wadhwani, a 26th Street resident, was walking her dog last week on the first day of closures. She was on the sidewalk, but said she supports the closure experiment as a way to knit the neighborhood together. “And,” since the street isn’t fully closed, “we can still park on our street.”
上周，第26街的居民埃梅尔·瓦德瓦尼(Emel Wadhwani)在学校关闭的第一天遛狗。她走在人行道上，但她说她支持封闭实验，认为这是一种将社区团结在一起的方式。还有，“因为街道没有完全封闭，”我们仍然可以在我们的街道上停车。”
Started as a way to salvage neighborhood livability, the city’s “traffic calming” program has broader context now, given the city’s efforts to take local-level steps to reverse climate change, Mayor Darrell Steinberg said.
市长达雷尔·斯坦伯格(Darrell Steinberg)表示，该市的“交通平静”计划最初是为了挽救社区的宜居性，但现在有了更重要的原因，因为该市正在努力采取地方层面的措施来逆转气候变化。
”Being a leader on climate requires we take the big steps and do all of the smaller steps to ensure that we are not leaving any strategy to the side,” he said. “This is not a small step. It is a very tangible step that says Sacramento aspires to be and in many ways is already a walkable and a bikeable community.”
他说:“作为气候变化的领导者，我们需要采取重大措施，同时采取所有较小的措施，以确保我们不会把任何战略搁置一边。”“这不是一小步。这是非常切实的一步，萨克拉门托渴望成为一个步行和骑自行车的社区，而且在很多方面已经做到了。”
PART OF A ‘HEALTHY COMMUNITY’ PLAN
"健康社区"计划的一部分
It’s been a long, slow evolution. In 1996, it seemed revolutionary.
这是一个漫长而缓慢的演变过程。在1996年，它似乎是革命性的。
Decades earlier, the city had turned a number of central city streets into high-speed, one-way, three-lane commute corridors to push cars from freeways and outer communities quickly and in big numbers to downtown work sites.
几十年前，萨城把市中心的一些街道变成了高速、单向、三车道的通勤道路，以便将大量来自高速公路和外围社区的汽车迅速运往市中心的工作地点。
Typically, the city teamed up two streets, similar to opposite sides of a freeway – one street to funnel commuters inbound in the morning, an adjacent street to funnel them out in the afternoon.
典型的情况是，这个城市分成两条街道，就像高速公路的两边——一条街道在早上接送通勤者入境，另一条相邻的街道在下午接送他们出境。
But, in the 1990s, residents in northern midtown’s tree-lined neighborhoods of bungalows, Victorians, small apartment buildings and corner markets complained that they were under siege from speeding traffic on G and H streets. Both at the time were three-lane, one-way streets. Residents didn’t feel safe crossing their own street, they said.
但是，在上世纪90年代，中城北部绿树成荫的社区里，有平房、维多利亚式建筑、小型公寓楼和街角市场，那里的居民抱怨说，他们受到了G街和H街超速交通的围攻。当时这两条路都是三条单行道。他们说，居民过自己的街道感到不安全。
City officials themselves had come to realize they had sacrificed core-area residents’ interests for those of commuters coming in from outside the city. They responded by converting G and H streets back to two-way with just one lane in each direction. That slowed and dispersed commute traffic.
市政府官员自己也意识到，他们牺牲了核心区居民的利益，来换取那些从外地来的通勤者的利益。他们将G街和H街改回双向，每个方向只有一条车道。减缓和分散了通勤交通。
That fix caused another issue that required an even more hotly-debated change: To stop diverted traffic from inundating other quiet nearby streets, the city constructed half-street closures on some nearby residential streets – concrete curbs and planters that blocked commuters from going down certain blocks.
这一修复引发了另一个需要进行更激烈辩论的改变的问题:为了防止分流的车辆淹没附近其他安静的街道，该市在附近的一些居民区修建了半街道封闭设施——水泥路面和种植槽阻止通勤者进入某些街区。
More than the street conversions, the lane blockages sent a message to commuters: It’s about residential livability now, not about shaving minutes off commute times.
不仅仅是街道的改建，车道的堵塞也向通勤者传递了一个信息:现在的重点是居住宜居性，而不是缩短通勤时间。
Ken Grehm was the city’s traffic official in charge of the transformation. He recalls the anger and indignation it created among commuters.
肯·格林(Ken Grehm)是负责这一改造的城市交通官员。他回忆起这件事在通勤者中引起的愤怒和愤慨。
“People were afraid the car commuter was being thrown over the cliff,” he recalled. “But we found ways for commuters to get to work. Maybe it takes an extra two minutes, but that is not too much to liberate these neighborhoods.”
他回忆说:“人们都担心会被高速的通勤者撞到。”“但我们找到了通勤者上班的方法。也许需要多花两分钟，但这对解放这些社区来说并不多。”
SACRAMENTO STREET DIETS, TRAFFIC CIRCLES
萨克拉门托街头饮食，交通圈
The multi-decade effort since then has included putting other major streets on lane-reduction “diets,” returning some streets to two-way and adding bike lanes here and there.
从那时起，几十年的努力包括让其他主要街道实行车道减少“瘦身”，让一些街道恢复双向车道，并在各处增加自行车道。
Sometime later this year or next year, another section of I Street between 15th and 21st streets is scheduled to be transitioned to two-way from one-way.
今年晚些时候或明年，I街第15街和第21街之间的另一段路段预计将从单向过渡到双向。
The city also has built traffic circles in some intersections, replacing stop signs. Officials said too many drivers blew through those stop signs, endangering pedestrians and risking crashes. The circles forced cars to slow down and eliminated broadside crashes.
该市还在一些十字路口修建了交通圈，取代了停止标志。官员们说，太多的司机冲过这些“停止”标志，危及行人安全，并有撞车的危险。这些圆圈迫使汽车减速，并消除了侧面碰撞。
The most controversial change in recent years, transportation manager Donlon Wyant says, was narrowing J Street to two lanes from three, and sliding the right-side parking lane out into what had been the third travel lane, making room for a “parking protected” bike lane next to the right curb.
交通经理唐隆·威昂特说，近年来最具争议的变化是，将J街的三车道车道缩小为两车道，并将右侧停车车道改为原来的第三车道，为右侧路沿旁的“受停车保护的”自行车道腾出空间。
Commuters worried about traffic jams in the afternoon headed to the Capital City Freeway. Traffic models, though, “showed it wasn’t going to be the end of the world,” Donlon Wyant said. It has made it easier, she said, for shoppers and diners or Saturday Farmers’ Market visitors to cross J Street safely.
通勤者担心下午的交通堵塞，纷纷前往首府高速公路。不过，交通模型显示，“这不会是世界末日，”唐隆·怀昂特(Donlon Wyant)说。她说，这使得购物者、食客或周六逛农贸市场的游客更容易安全地穿过J街。
More recently, when the COVID-19 pandemic hit, the city went further by allowing some restaurants and brew pubs to spill out into the street, such as 20th Street between J and K streets. Places put tables, tents and service areas in what once were traffic lanes.
当COVID-19疫情爆发时，该市更进一步，允许一些餐馆和酿酒店开到街上，比如J街和K街之间的第20街。桌子、帐篷和服务区都建在曾经的车道上。
The moves have generally been well received after the initial shock. But they continue to prompt criticisms from two very different viewpoints.
在最初的冲击之后，这些举措普遍受到欢迎。但它们继续引发来自两种截然不同观点的批评。
Some car drives complain the changes are complicated, confusing and entirely too focused on cyclists and pedestrians when most people still need to drive cars to get to the store or work. Others complain the city isn’t going far enough fast enough in suppressing car travel or encouraging alternate modes.
一些汽车司机抱怨说，这些变化很复杂，让人困惑，而且完全集中在骑自行车的人和行人身上，而大多数人仍然需要开车去商店或工作。另一些人则抱怨说，在限制汽车出行或鼓励其他交通方式方面，萨城的措施还是有些缓慢。
Sacramento, for instance, still has not made good on its plan to create safe and separate commuter bike routes into downtown from the north, south, east and west, nor has it created enough bike lanes in downtown.
例如，萨克拉门托(Sacramento)还没有落实从北部、南部、东部和西部开辟安全、独立的通勤自行车道的计划，也没有在市中心开辟足够的自行车道。
The city also has been stymied so far on its decade-long effort to build a streetcar line that would have allowed more people to travel through downtown and midtown without using cars. Sacramento Regional Transit remains less than the robust service it wants to be. And the COVID-19 pandemic has shrunk what was a growing electric bike and electric scooter rental movement in Sacramento.
到目前为止，该市修建有轨电车线路的努力也受到了阻碍。这条线路原本可以让更多的人不用汽车在市中心和中城穿梭。萨克拉门托地区交通仍然没有达到它想要的强大服务。而COVID-19大流行也减少了萨克拉门托不断增长的电动自行车和电动摩托车租赁活动。
Yet the desire by the city and residents to reduce car travel in the core area appears to be stronger than ever.
然而，城市和居民减少社区汽车出行的愿望似乎比以往任何时候都更强烈。
The city has repeatedly changed its parking program in recent years to allow more businesses, such as restaurants, to open without providing on-site parking.
近年来，市政府多次改变停车计划，允许餐馆等更多企业在不提供现场停车服务的情况下开业。
New apartments in some denser areas of the city are now only required to build one parking spot for every two apartment units, a decrease from the previous minimum of three parking spots for every two apartment units.
在一些人口密集区新建的公寓，现在只需要为每两个公寓建一个停车位，而以前是每两个公寓至少要建三个停车位。
The city has pushed, meantime, to open private parking garages for use at night, such as around the Golden 1 Center arena, tapping existing unused capacity. That allows the city and developers to avoid building more garages.
与此同时，该市还在推动开放私人停车场供夜间使用，如在黄金1号中心竞技场周围，利用现有的闲置空间。这使得城市和开发商可以避免建造更多的车库。
In 2018, the city eliminated parking requirements for any development within a ¼ mile of a light rail station anywhere in the city.
2018年，该市取消了市内任何一个轻轨站附近¼英里范围内的任何开发项目的停车场要求。
MORE PEOPLE, FEWER CARS
人多车少
Growing density, both in the central city and potentially along older commercial corridors, will reduce the need for cars, at least for local trips, city Public Works Director Ryan Moore said.
城市公共工程主管瑞安·摩尔(Ryan Moore)表示，在市中心和可能沿老旧商业走廊发展的人口密度不断增加，将减少对汽车的需求，至少在本地旅行中是这样。
In the next 10 years, the city could have 10,000 new dwelling units pop up in the central core, but it will not have new roads or car lanes to serve those people, except in a few places, such as the downtown Railyards development.
未来10年，这座城市可能会在中心地带出现1万个新的居住单元，但不会有新的道路或汽车车道来为这些人服务，除非是在一些地方，比如市中心的铁路院落开发项目。
Given that, “we have to responsibly offer alternative modes,” Moore said. That includes more robust bus, light rail, and shared shuttles after the pandemic.
鉴于此，“我们必须负责任地提供其他模式，”摩尔说。这包括更强大的公共汽车、轻轨和公共交通。
Despite that focus, “our intent is not to shun the car user,” said Emily Baime Michaels, head of the Midtown Association, which promotes central city vibrancy.
尽管如此，“我们的目的并不是要避开汽车使用者，”促进中心城市活力的中城协会(Midtown Association)负责人艾米丽·拜姆·迈克尔斯(Emily Baime Michaels)说。
The city notably allowed cars back onto the former pedestrian K Street Mall downtown to encourage businesses by bringing more potential patrons in.
值得注意的是，该市允许汽车返回市中心曾经的步行街购物中心，以吸引更多的潜在顾客，鼓励商业活动。
Instead, it’s about continuing to reshape the core area as a place you go to, not go through, Baime Michaels said. “The real tipping point for midtown vitality is you get to the point where there are so many residents living here that it can self-sustain while still being a welcoming place for visitors.”
相反，关键是继续重塑核心区域，使之成为你要去的地方，而不是经过的地方，拜姆·迈克尔斯(Baime Michaels)说。“中城活力的真正转折点是，你会发现有这么多居民住在这里，既能自给自足，又能成为一个欢迎游客的地方。
City officials say the COVID-19 pandemic and the arrival of the Biden administration could open new avenues to add transit and turn more streets into shared facilities.
该市官员表示，COVID-19大流行和拜登政府的到来可能会为增加交通设施开辟新的途径，并将更多街道变成共享设施。
The pandemic’s longer-term effect could be fewer car commuters on city streets, if many office workers stick with partial teleworking-from-home schedules.
如果许多上班族坚持部分在家远程办公的时间安排，疫情的长期影响可能是城市街道上开车上下班的人减少。
The Biden administration hasn’t spoken in detail about transportation plans, but is expected to invest more in transportation than the Trump administration with a focus on holistic projects, such as the “complete streets,” where roads are designed for different types of users. That includes making it safer and easier for children to walk and bike to school.
拜登政府还没有详细谈论交通计划，但预计将比特朗普政府在交通方面投资更多，重点放在整体项目上，比如“完整街道”，道路是为不同类型的用户设计的。这包括让孩子们更安全、更容易地步行和骑自行车上学。
City officials plan more bikeways in the next year on streets in neighborhoods throughout the city, some of them separated from moving cars.
市政府官员计划明年在全市的街道上修建更多的自行车道，其中一些车道与移动的汽车分开。
The newest concept in metropolitan areas is called “the 15-Minute City,” and means that people in any neighborhood should be able to get to most places – schools, stores, restaurants and jobs – within 15 minutes without having to use a car.
大都市最新的概念被称为“15分钟城市”，意思是任何社区的人们都能在15分钟内到达大多数地方，如学校、商店、餐馆和工作场所，而不用开车。
The city also is planning a remake of Broadway, changing the street from four lanes to two and creating a streetscape that will attract business investment. The goal is to make Broadway feel similar to the recently refashioned R Street Corridor in midtown and downtown, where the sidewalks are dotted with fresco dining and where drivers will be pushed to travel at lower speeds.
该市还计划对百老汇街进行改造，将其从四车道改成两车道，打造一种能吸引商业投资的街景。这样做的目的是让百老汇给人的感觉与最近在中城和市中心重新装修过的R街走廊相似，后者的人行道上点缀着壁画餐厅，司机们将被迫以较低的速度行驶。
The signs that went up on O and V and 26th streets last week symbolize that. Cars aren’t banned. But motorists are asked to drive on those streets at 14 miles per hour.
上周在O街和V街以及26街竖立的标志就象征着这一点。汽车不被禁止的。但是司机们被要求在这些街道上以每小时14英里的速度行驶。
联系人:-
电话号码:
|
|
发表于 2021-2-22 08:21:57
发表于 2023-1-10 19:19:27