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为什么圣何塞学校的考试成绩直线下降
Santa Clara County test scores are plummeting, especially for low-income students, and the drop goes beyond the classroom.
圣克拉拉县的考试成绩直线下降，尤其是低收入家庭的学生，而且这种下降已经超出了课堂允许的范围。
The COVID-19 pandemic laid bare the disparities across low-income households with the digital divide, disproportionate loss of loved ones and housing insecurity, all factors in the state’s drop in standardized test scores. Recovering from this learning loss means tackling the problem through academics and socioeconomics, advocates said.
2019冠状病毒病大流行暴露了低收入家庭之间的差距，电子鸿沟、失去亲人的不成比例和住房不安全，所有这些因素都导致了该州标准化考试成绩的下降。倡导者说，从这种学习损失中恢复过来意味着通过学术和社会经济学来解决这个问题。
Local school districts including Alum Rock Union School District and Franklin-McKinley Elementary School District saw test scores drop, according to data from the California Department of Education.
加州教育部的数据显示，包括矾石联合学区和富兰克林-麦金利小学学区在内的当地学区的考试成绩有所下降。
Alum Rock Union School District, which serves more than 8,500 students across more than 20 elementary and middle schools, saw a 9.9% decrease in reading and writing scores, along with a 10.3% dip in math scores. Franklin-McKinley Elementary School District saw 7.3% drops in its reading, writing and math scores across its 16 elementary and middle schools. The district enrolls more than 6,800 students.
明矾岩联合学区(Alum Rock Union School District)为20多所小学和中学的8,500多名学生提供服务，其阅读和写作成绩下降了9.9%，数学成绩下降了10.3%。富兰克林-麦金利小学区16所小学和中学的阅读、写作和数学成绩下降了7.3%。该地区有6800多名学生。
San Jose Unified School District, for comparison, had a 3.6% decline in reading and writing scores, as well as a 5% decline in math scores. The district represents more than 30,000 students across 41 campuses.
相比之下，圣何塞联合学区(San Jose Unified School District)的阅读和写作成绩下降了3.6%，数学成绩下降了5%。该学区代表着来自41个校区的3万多名学生。
A child’s academic performance is informed by their environment and circumstances, said Hilaria Bauer, Alum Rock Union School District superintendent. Students who are experiencing housing insecurity and displacement, or grieving the loss of a loved one, have more on their minds than taking tests.
明矾岩联合学区负责人希拉里娅·鲍尔(Hilaria Bauer)说，孩子的学习成绩取决于他们所处的环境和环境。那些正在经历住房不安全和流离失所的学生，或为失去所爱的人而悲伤的学生，除了考试之外，还有更多的事情要考虑。
“When we go into the testing conversation, we try to be as neutral as possible. In reality, that is just not the case,” Bauer told San José Spotlight. “These were the families that were the most affected in our county.”
“当我们进入考试时，我们会尽量保持中立。事实上，情况并非如此，”鲍尔告诉桑José重点报道。“这些是我们县受影响最严重的家庭。”
Testing during the 2021-22 school year was different from other years—while students were back in person, testing environments included COVID-19 precautions like masks and social distancing, Bauer said. Addressing pandemic learning loss will require time, as school districts enter uncharted territory.
鲍尔说，2021-22学年的测试与其他年份不同——学生们返回了现场，测试环境包括COVID-19预防措施，如口罩和社交距离。应对大流行导致的学习损失需要时间，因为学区进入了未知领域。
Wealth disparity among communities is a crucial factor in test performance, and a nationwide dip in scores isn’t surprising, said Pedro Nava, director of educational leadership at the Santa Clara University School of Education and Counseling Psychology. While some families adapted quickly to virtual learning during the pandemic, he said, other families with essential workers dealt with health concerns, food insecurity and job instability—making online learning another challenge. The entire landscape changed, with school districts functioning as community hubs to provide basic necessities like food.
圣克拉拉大学(Santa Clara University)教育与咨询心理学学院(School of Education and Counseling Psychology)教育领导力系主任佩德罗·纳瓦(Pedro Nava)说，社区之间的贫富差距是影响考试成绩的一个关键因素，全国范围内的分数下降并不令人意外。他说，虽然一些家庭在大流行期间迅速适应了虚拟学习，但其他有必要工作人员的家庭要应对健康问题、粮食不安全和工作不稳定——这使在线学习成为另一个挑战。整个情况发生了变化，学区成为了社区中心，提供食物等基本必需品。
“We can see across San Jose, in Silicon Valley, as well as the larger Bay Area that we have some really broad wealth inequities across districts,” Nava told San José Spotlight. “Some schools have much greater capacity to generate resources outside of what the state and localities provide.”
“我们可以看到，在圣何塞、硅谷以及更大的旧金山湾区，我们在不同地区之间存在着非常广泛的财富不平等，”纳瓦告诉San José Spotlight。“在国家和地方提供的资源之外，一些学校有更大的能力来创造资源。”
Funding disparities across school districts are longstanding. Districts were able to face the pandemic with millions in federal funding, but those funds will run out by 2024. Meanwhile, families struggle to make a living in a city that’s the most expensive in the nation for monthly bills, compounded by costly child care estimated at $21,900 per year.
学区间的资金差距由来已久。各地区凭借数百万美元的联邦资金能够应对大流行，但这些资金将在2024年耗尽。与此同时，在这个月账单在全美最贵的城市，家庭挣扎着维持生计，而儿童看护费用更是高达每年2.19万美元。
Impacts of learning loss
学习机会的损失也影响着他们
Even in Santa Clara County school districts that saw test scores rise, learning loss crept into particular disciplines like math.
即使在考试成绩上升的圣克拉拉县学区，学习机会损失也蔓延到了数学等特定学科。
Evergreen School District saw a 0.7% increase in reading and writing scores and a less than 1% decrease in math scores across its 16 elementary and middle schools that serve more than 9,900 students. Campbell Union High School District had a 2.8% increase in reading and writing scores and a less than 1% decrease in math scores. The district enrolls more than 8,900 across eight high schools and community education programs.
常青学区(Evergreen School District) 16所小学和中学共有9,900多名学生，其中阅读和写作成绩增长0.7%，数学成绩下降不到1%。坎贝尔联合高中区(Campbell Union High School District)的学生阅读和写作成绩提高了2.8%，数学成绩下降了不到1%。该学区共有8所高中和社区教育项目的8900多名学生。
While Campbell Union High School District distributed devices to tackle the digital divide and jumped straight into teaching new curriculum at the start of the pandemic, the achievement gap is still widening, especially for students of color, said Superintendent Robert Bravo.
坎贝尔联合高中学区(Campbell Union High School District)分发设备以解决数字鸿沟，并在疫情开始时直接教授新课程，但成绩差距仍在扩大，尤其是对有色人种学生，主管罗伯特·布拉沃(Robert Bravo)说。
“While the test scores look relatively strong, we know there were effects,” Bravo told San José Spotlight.
“虽然考试成绩看起来相对较强，但我们知道有影响，”布拉沃告诉桑José重点报道。
Hikes in scores could also be connected to the district’s gradual phasing of in-person learning through on-campus study hubs during the 2020-21 school year as opposed to last school year, said Jennifer Orlick, the district’s director of strategy, accountability and innovation.
学区战略、问责和创新主任詹妮弗·奥里克(Jennifer Orlick)说，分数的上升也可能与该学区在2020-21学年逐步通过校内学习中心进行面对面学习有关，这与上一学年不同。
But this has not helped low-income students gain ground yet. Low-income students are still performing at lower rates, with 53% meeting or exceeding reading and writing standards compared to 70% of students overall. In terms of math, 21% of the district’s low-income students met or exceeded standards as opposed to 47% of students overall.
但这并没有帮助低收入家庭的学生取得进展。低收入家庭的学生在阅读和写作方面的表现仍然较低，53%的学生达到或超过了阅读和写作标准，而整体比例为70%。在数学方面，该地区21%的低收入家庭学生达到或超过了标准，而整体学生的这一比例为47%。
Addressing learning loss means acknowledging the ramifications of Silicon Valley’s high cost of living on families, Nava said. Evaluating education should also go beyond test scores and factor in the student’s emotional and social development.
纳瓦说，解决学习损失问题意味着承认硅谷的高生活成本对家庭的影响。评估教育也应该超越考试成绩，将学生的情感和社会发展考虑在内。
“The inequities that were exposed during COVID have always been there,” Nava told San José Spotlight. “What it really just shows us is that some communities have additional resources to be able to… weather the storm.”
纳瓦告诉记者:“新冠肺炎期间暴露出来的不平等一直都存在。”“它真正告诉我们的是，一些社区拥有额外的资源，能够……度过这场风暴。”
原链接：
https://sanjosespotlight.com/why-test-scores-are-plummeting-at-san-jose-santa-clara-county-silicon-valley-bay-area-california-ca-schools/
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发表于 2022-11-10 08:34:52
发表于 2023-9-1 05:14:19