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快阻击恶法，否则下个二手大麻烟害的就是你！
Jacky Chan takes a vaping break from his job at a smoke shop in San Francisco. (Associated Press)
在旧金山的一家烟店工作的Jacky Chan正在吸电子烟。(美联社)
San Francisco is poised to become the largest U.S. city to ban smoking in apartments and condominiums, with one notable exception to the rule: cannabis.
旧金山即将成为美国最大的禁止在公寓和公寓内吸烟的城市，但有一个明显的例外:大麻。
During a Board of Supervisors meeting Tuesday, city administrators voted to amend the proposed ban to exclude marijuana.
在周二的监事会会议上，城市管理者投票修改了禁止使用大麻的提议。
Supervisor Rafael Mandelman introduced the amendment after community members and industry groups lobbied against the original draft of the proposal, which drew no distinction between secondhand smoke from tobacco and that of marijuana.
在社区成员和行业团体游说反对提案初稿后，埃雷亚•曼德尔曼(ervisor Rafael Mandelman)提出了这一修正案。提案初稿并未对烟草中的二手烟和大麻中的二手烟进行区分。
“Nonsmokers have no adequate means to protect themselves from the damage inflicted by secondhand smoke,” the proposal said, adding that regulation of smoking in multi-unit housing is “necessary to protect the health, safety, welfare, comfort and environment of nonsmokers.”
“非吸烟者没有足够的手段来保护自己免受二手烟的伤害，”该提案说，并补充说，对多单元住宅吸烟的规定是“必要的，以保护非吸烟者的健康、安全、福利、舒适和环境。”
Advocates of California Proposition 64, which legalized recreational marijuana in the state in 2016, called the original proposal a de facto ban on cannabis use for most residents of the city.
加州64号提案的支持者称，最初的提案实际上是禁止该市大多数居民使用大麻。该提案于2016年在加州将娱乐性大麻合法化。
“Unlike tobacco, which can be smoked outside on public streets, cannabis consumption is illegal in all public spaces under state law,” several residents wrote in a letter to the Board of Supervisors. “The proposed ordinance would thus leave apartment dwellers with no legal place to enjoy marijuana.”
几名居民在写给监督委员会的信中写道:“与可以在公共街道上吸烟不同，根据州法律，在所有公共场所吸食大麻都是违法的。”“因此，这项拟议的法令将使公寓居民没有合法的地方享受大麻。”
“The proposed ban … effectively disenfranchises our rights to consume cannabis and discriminates against those who can’t afford to live in a single-family residence,” resident Mikki Norris wrote.
居民米基·诺里斯写道:“这项提议实际上剥夺了我们消费大麻的权利，也歧视了那些住不起单户住宅的人。”
In a telephone interview, Supervisor Norman Yee, who drafted the original proposal, said he saw it differently.
起草最初提案的主管Norman Yee在电话采访中说，他有不同的看法。
“There’s some people saying, ‘You’ll need to be rich to smoke,’” he said, “but I think it’s the other way around. You’ve got to be a homeowner to breathe clean air? Why do poor people that rent not get to breathe clean air?”
“有些人说，‘只有有钱才能吸烟，’”他说，“但我认为情况正好相反。你必须是一个房主才能呼吸到干净的空气?难道租房的穷人就不能呼吸干净的空气吗?”
Yee said he began looking into the issue last year after receiving an email from a mother who had run out of options for protecting her infant child from smoke from the unit below hers.
Yee说，他去年收到了一位母亲的电子邮件，她已经没有办法保护她的婴儿免受楼下单位的烟雾的伤害，于是他开始研究这个问题。
“It dawned on me that we don’t actually have protections for people living in multi-unit buildings,” he said.
“我意识到，我们实际上并没有为居住在多单元建筑中的人们提供保护，”他说。
Smoking is already banned in common areas such as elevators and hallways, Yee said, but is still allowed inside units, although landlords may set their own rules.
易说，已经禁止在电梯和走廊等公共区域吸烟，但仍允许在公寓内吸烟，尽管房东可能会制定自己的规定。
“It didn’t make any sense,” he said.
“这没有任何意义，”他说。
The new ordinance will apply to all buildings with three or more units, and will be enforced by the Department of Public Health, which may issue fines of up to $1,000 for repeat offenders. Violations will not be grounds for eviction, the ordinance says.
新条例将适用于所有拥有三个或三个以上单位的建筑物，并将由公共卫生署执行，对惯犯可处以最高1,000元的罚款。该法令称，违规行为不会成为驱逐的理由。
During the lengthy and at times heated meeting, several supervisors said they were conflicted about a broad cannabis exemption and motioned for the proposal to be returned to the Public Safety Committee for further discussion, although that motion did not pass.
在冗长而时而激烈的会议中，几名主管表示，他们对大麻的广泛豁免感到矛盾，并建议将该提案提交给公共安全委员会进行进一步讨论，尽管该动议未获通过。
“The science, the information and the data is incontrovertible,” said Supervisor Ahsha Safaí, who co-sponsored the original proposal. “When you listen to the experts … secondhand smoke, regardless of where it originates from, is extremely impactful, particularly on the lives of low-income families of color that are living in multi-unit properties.”
“科学、信息和数据是不容置疑的，”最初提案的共同发起人、主管Ahsha Safai说。“当你听专家说的时候……二手烟，不管它来自哪里，都是非常有影响的，尤其是对那些住在多套房子里的低收入有色人种家庭的生活。”
While the harmful effects of secondhand tobacco smoke are well documented, the effects of cannabis smoke are much more hazy.
虽然二手烟的危害是有据可查的，但吸食二手大麻烟的危害要模糊得多。
Yee said that cannabis smoke contains carcinogens and other toxins, a statement backed up by the American Lung Assn., and that children exposed to it can present with elevated levels of THC in their bloodstream.
Yee说，大麻烟雾含有致癌物质和其他毒素，这一声明得到了美国肺脏协会的支持，暴露在大麻烟雾中的儿童血液中四氢大麻酚会升高。
But Dr. Donald Abrams, an oncologist and cancer researcher at UC San Francisco’s Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, said evidence does not support the conclusion that cannabis smoke is a health risk for someone in an entirely different housing unit.
但是，加州大学旧金山分校奥舍综合医学中心的肿瘤学家和癌症研究人员唐纳德·艾布拉姆斯博士说，没有证据支持这样的结论:对于住在完全不同住房的人来说，吸食大麻烟雾会带来健康风险。
“Cannabis smoke has never been linked to increased mortality, even in firsthand users,” he wrote in a letter to the Board of Supervisors. “Nor has firsthand cannabis smoke been shown to cause lung cancer, COPD or other serious health effects.”
他在写给监督委员会的信中写道:“吸食大麻烟雾从未与死亡率的增加有关，即使是对大麻直接吸食者也是如此。”“也没有证据表明，吸食大麻会导致肺癌、慢性阻塞性肺病或其他严重的健康后果。”
Reached by phone, Abrams — who was one of 16 scientists behind the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine’s sweeping 2017 study on the health effects of cannabis — said he thought including cannabis in the ban would do more harm than good.
艾布拉姆斯是美国国家科学、工程和医学学院2017年关于大麻对健康影响的全面研究的16名科学家之一。通过电话，艾布拉姆斯说，他认为将大麻纳入禁令将弊大于利。
“I’m an oncologist, I take care of cancer patients,” he said. “My concern is if my cancer patients can’t utilize cannabis in their own multi-unit places that they spend $3,000 to $5,000 a month to live in.”
“我是一名肿瘤学家，我照顾癌症患者，”他说。“我担心的是，如果我的癌症患者不能在他们自己的多单元场所使用大麻，他们每个月要多花3000到5000美元。”
With Tuesday’s amendment, the ordinance will be limited to smoke from tobacco, which includes cigarettes, e-cigarettes and vaporizer products, the board said.
委员会表示，在周二的修正案中，该条例将仅限于从烟草中吸烟，包括香烟、电子烟和汽化器产品。
It will move to a formal vote during the board’s meeting on Dec. 8, then will go to the mayor for signing. Once signed, the legislation will go into effect 30 days later.
提案将在12月8日的董事会会议上进行正式投票，然后送交市长签字。一旦签署，该法案将在30天后生效。
In August, the city of West Hollywood rejected a similar proposal to ban cannabis and tobacco smoking for existing tenants of multi-unit dwellings, although new tenants will be subject to a tobacco ban.
今年8月，西好莱坞市(West Hollywood)否决了一项类似的提案，即禁止多单元住宅的现有租户吸食大麻和烟草，尽管新租户将受到烟草禁令的约束。
Other cities, such as Berkeley and Alameda, already ban smoking in multi-unit buildings, although their bans were passed before 2016 and do not account for cannabis in their language. Santa Clara, which passed its ordinance in 2019, bans both cannabis and tobacco smoking in multi-unit residences.
其他城市，如伯克利和阿拉米达，已经禁止在多单元建筑内吸烟，尽管他们的禁令是在2016年之前通过的，并且在他们的语言中不考虑大麻。圣克拉拉于2019年通过法令，禁止在多单元住宅中吸食大麻和烟草。
While San Francisco’s pot enthusiasts may celebrate the exclusion of cannabis from the ban, not everyone will see it as a victory.
虽然旧金山的大麻爱好者可能会为大麻被排除在禁令之外而庆祝，但并非所有人都将其视为胜利。
“We currently live in a building with eight units, and one of our neighbors smokes cannabis and cigarettes frequently throughout the day,” residents Lucila Pereyra Murray and Langdon Quin wrote in a letter to the board.
居民Lucila Pereyra Murray和Langdon Quin在给董事会的信中写道:“我们现在住在一幢有八个单元的大楼里，我们的一个邻居整天抽大麻和抽烟。”
The couple is thinking of starting a family, they said, but is worried about the effect of smoke both during pregnancy and beyond.
他们说，这对夫妇正在考虑组建一个家庭，但担心吸烟对怀孕期间和以后的影响。
“We believe that nobody should have to unnecessarily worry about factors such as someone’s else’s idea of ‘fun’ affecting their health inside their own homes,” they wrote.
他们写道:“我们认为，没有人应该不必要地担心其他人对‘乐趣’的看法会影响自己在家里的健康。”
Supervisor Dean Preston said that he spent many years advocating for tenant protection policies before joining the board, and that the issue of smoking in apartments came up again and again with little-to-no consensus.
监事迪恩·普雷斯顿(Dean Preston)说，在加入该委员会之前，他花了多年时间倡导租户保护政策，在公寓里吸烟的问题一次又一次地出现，几乎没有达成共识。
“This is a very complex issue,” he said. “I cannot think of another issue that has so divided folks that really have good intentions on both sides.”
“这是一个非常复杂的问题，”他说。“我想不出还有什么问题会让双方都怀有良好意愿的人产生如此大的分歧。”
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发表于 2020-12-3 14:29:39
发表于 2023-1-6 11:02:48